work Erosion-SAM Semantic segmentation of soil erosion by water Soil Erosion Combining physics-based and deep learning approaches Rainfall Erosivity Long-term analysis and prediction Flood Mapping Using fine-tuned SAM and ResNet-backboned U-Net Soil Moisture Comparing UAV hyperspectral and satellite multispectral approaches Land Suitability Ensemble MCDM and machine learning approaches for agricultural land assessment